靶向甲型流感病毒血凝素的人源单克隆抗体研究进展

甲型流感病毒感染性强,宿主广泛,主要感染禽类,其次为哺乳动物。当跨物种传染事件发生时,有可能造成流感大流行,因此,对病毒实施及时有效的监控,以及研发抗流感病毒药物刻不容缓。流感病毒表面的糖蛋白血凝素在病毒入侵宿主细胞的过程中发挥了关键的作用,可作为单克隆抗体药物的主要靶点。针对血凝素的单克隆抗体能够有效抑制病毒传播,保护宿主。因此,本文综述了目前报道的针对甲型流感病毒血凝素糖蛋白的人单克隆抗体,为后续抗流感药物的研发提供新的思路和展望。     

西藏农业现代化对城镇化发展的作用机制研究

农业现代化提高了农业生产力水平,进而扩大农业对城市发展的贡献,推动城市化进程。根据农业对城市化发展的贡献,本文构建农业生产力水平、农业产出水平、农业产业化水平、农业经济结构、农村社会发展水平和农业生态环境发展水平6个维度的农业现代化评价指标体系,分析1990—2019年间西藏农业现代化发展和城镇化发展水平,探讨农业现代化对城镇化发展的作用机制。结果表明,西藏农业现代化水平由1990年的1.22上升至2019年的17.65;与此同时,西藏城镇化水平从1990年的16.36提升至2019年的31.54。西藏农业现代化对城镇化发展起显著的正向作用,其作用机制是通过提升农业贡献和改变城乡推拉力实现的;西藏农业现代化各维度对城镇化发展的作用效果不一致,该异质性根源于农业贡献对城镇化作用的社会发展阶段差异。因此,为了进一步提升西藏农业现代化水平,强化农业贡献对城镇化发展的作用,本文建议加强西藏农业现代化方面的援藏投入,深化农业机械化普及以提升西藏农业生产力水平和农业产出水平,发展西藏特色农牧产品加工业以提升西藏农业产业化水平,活跃农村商品市场、扩大农牧民增收以提升西藏农村社会发展水平。     

消毒剂的作用机理及在养殖行业中的应用

规模化养殖场养殖密度的增加,疫病流行的风险也随之增加。正确选择消毒剂、正确使用消毒剂是降低养殖风险的重要因素。通过对消毒剂的作用机理、特点、类别、使用等方面的分析,以期对养殖场的生物安全工作有所帮助。     

Stimulation of acetylcholinesterase activity by triiodothyronine in the brain of Singi fish,Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Three consecutive days of injections of triiodothyronine (T₃)(0.038, 0.075, 0.15 and 1.54 nmoles/g) significantly elevated the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in the brain of Singi fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). The higher doses of 0.075, 0.15 and 1.54 nmoles of T₃/g induced a greater increase in enzyme activity than 0.038 nmoles/g. A T₃ dose of 0.019 nmoles/g was found to be ineffective. The T₃ action on AchE activity was blocked by cycloheximide. Thiourea treatment for 30 days decreased the AchE activity below the control level. This reduced level of the enzyme activity was brought back even above the control level by T₃ injections. It is, therefore, suggested that thyroid hormone is involved in the sustenance of AchE activity in fish brain.     

三种中药提取物体外抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的作用

在前期筛选具有抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)作用的中药研究基础上,选取药效较好的三种中药：穿心莲、芦根和夏枯草。为进一步研究其有效抗病毒成分,采用MTT 法观察了穿心莲内酯盐、芦根多糖和夏枯草多糖成分对猴肾上皮细胞系(Marc-145) 生长的影响,分别采用阻断、抑制、直接杀灭3种作用方式观察了各成分抗RPPSV感染作用。结果显示：穿心莲内酯盐对细胞最大安全浓度为0.16 mg/mL,芦根多糖为0.575 mg/mL,夏枯草多糖为1.125 mg/mL;芦根多糖在三种方式上均有不同程度的抗PRRSV作用,而穿心莲内酯盐和夏枯草多糖阻断PRRSV作用不明显,抑制和杀灭PRRSV作用明显。结果表明穿心莲内酯盐、芦根多糖和夏枯草多糖均有抗病毒作用,为抗病毒中药的主要药效成分。     

Electromechanical effects of acetylcholine on the atrial tissues of the cultured tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica × O. aureus)

The effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on the action potential and twitch force of atrial tissues isolated from 15 tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica × O. aureus) were studied by means of conventional microelectrode techniques. In isolated whole atrium or sinoatrial tissue, scattered pacemaker-like cells with spontaneous diastolic depolarization were found mainly near the sinoatrial junction but also occasionally throughout the atrial wall. However, most of the atrial cells recorded were myocardial fibers as judged by a stable diastolic potential and a markedly reduced action potential duration (APD) in response to low concentrations of ACh (0.1–1 M). The shortening in APD in atrial myocardial fibers was correlated with a significant fall in twitch force in the atrial preparations. ACh at high concentrations (10–300 M) decreased moderately the APD and the slope of diastolic depolarization of the pacemakers and prolonged the spontaneous cycle length but did not induce hyperpolarization. The negative chronotropic action of ACh was competitively inhibited by atropine, a muscarinic antagonist. The means (± SEM) negative logarithm of the dissociation constant (pK_b or pA₂ value) for atropine against the ACh action on muscarinic receptors were 9.10 (± 0.13) (n = 6), similar to those values obtained in mammalian atria. The present findings indicate that while the negative inotropic effects of ACh in tilapia atria are comparable to those observed in mammalian hearts, unique electrophysiological responses to ACh exist in different types of tilapia atrial cells.     

玉米赤霉烯酮的生殖毒性研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮是一种特殊毒性的生物毒素,它的强雌激素样作用对动物机体的伤害很大,不仅引起动物流产、死胎、低产仔率等生殖机能异常,还可以导致繁殖功能下降、不育、畸形等.已有研究表明,ZEA对肝脏、肾脏、生殖系统和免疫系统产生明显的损伤,对细胞和遗传性也有毒性作用.目前,虽然国内外学者做了大量的研究,来揭示玉米赤霉烯酮损害机体生殖功能的机制,但关于它影响机体的生殖性能更详尽的机制还亟待进一步的研究.文章主要针对玉米赤霉烯酮的生殖毒性进行了综述,总结出ZEA对生殖系统的毒性机制,从而为临床预防及治疗繁殖疾病提供理论依据.     

Marine Low Molecular Weight Natural Products as Potential Cancer Preventive Compounds

Due to taxonomic positions and special living environments, marine organisms produce secondary metabolites that possess unique structures and biological activities. This review is devoted to recently isolated and/or earlier described marine compounds with potential or established cancer preventive activities, their biological sources, molecular mechanisms of their action, and their associations with human health and nutrition. The review covers literature published in 2003–2013 years and focuses on findings of the last 2 years.     

神农香菊化学成分及药理作用研究进展

介绍了神农香菊主要化学成分的研究成果,比较了花、茎、全草和叶等不同组织中主要活性成分的异同,并综述了其抑菌能力、抗氧化能力以及药用价值的最新研究进展。     

植物病原效应蛋白功能研究方法

植株病原会分泌一些与植物相互作用的效应蛋白,这些蛋白在病原菌与寄主植物互作过程中起着重要作用。结合几种细菌、真菌分泌的效应蛋白研究进展,介绍了用于病原菌效应蛋白研究的试验方法及其独特之处,包括图位克隆、异源表达分析等,提出研究一个单一效应蛋白需要多种分析方法。